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Question:
The Great Ocean road is:
(a) A WWI memorial
(b) An early example of PPP - a concept to be followed by CityLink
and Scorsby freeway
(c) The site of a North Korean incursion to Australia
(d) The hiding place of Convict William Buckley "Wild White
Man" who escaped from the Penal colony near Sorrento in 1803
(e) All of the above
(a) WWi Memorial
- True
In 1918 the
Geelong Mayor and entrepreneur Howard Hitchcock championed the idea
that according to the first fund raising prospectus would commemorate
the magnificent bravery of Victorian soldiers, and bring joy to
tens of thousands of tourists and motorists.
Also the fresh
costal air, swimming, fishing shooting and camp life would restore
the jangled nerves of the returning soldiers that works on it.
Residents described
it like a labour camp !! The most significant work stoppage occurred
when the coastal trader, the Casino. An old steamer ran aground
in 1924. It had to jettison cargo onto the beach before it could
float free. Diggers working on the road were camped nearby and they
helped themselves to a large amount of abandoned beer and spirits.
A two-week break in work followed.
Mt Defiance
Memorial Wall It is fitting memorials have been erected at Mt Defiance.
This section of the road proved the most problematical in the construction
project and it took a fighting effort to blast out the route from
almost perpendicular cliffs. A memorial wall and memorial tablets
have been built here. They honour the unstinting work of the Great
Ocean Road Trust's founding president, Howard Hitchcock, and his
contribution to the success of the project, and the men who served
in the Great War. In April 1935, Victoria's Governor, Lord Huntingfield,
unveiled the memorials.
Eastern View Memorial Arch There have been four memorial arches
over the Great Ocean Road.
1. The original arch was at the site of "The Springs"
toll-gate, near Cathedral Rock. It said: "Returned Soldiers
and Sailors Memorial Great Ocean Road". But it was demolished
when tolls were abandoned in 1936.
2. A new arch was built at Eastern View in 1939. It weighed 50 tonnes
and was dedicated by General Harry Chauvel. He unveiled a bronze
tablet, on which was inscribed: "To the memory of Major W T
B McCormack, M. Inst. C.E., honorary engineer to The Great Ocean
Road Trust and Chairman of the Country Roads Board".
3. In 1970, the CRB indicated it wanted to demolish the arch because
it was too narrow and a traffic hazard. A public outcry put an end
to the plans but a wayward truck did the job anyway.
4. A third, larger arch was built on the same spot soon after. But
the devastating Ash Wednesday bushfires of 1983 reduced the wooden
structure to charcoal.
5. The CRB decided not to replace the arch but public opinion was
too strong and it was rebuilt on the same spot.
In 2001, an
interpretation/information board was added at the site of the arch,
explaining the story of the road and its highlights.
(b) A PPP -
True
The construction
of the road was not funded by the Government, but by an independent
trust. Initial
People and businesses
were canvassed in the early stages of the Great Ocean Road project.
In fact thousands of pounds were raised at the meeting that formed
the trust. From the initial rush of cash, donations began to dwindle.
Some businesses who had promised large sums reneged on their promises.
At times, the trust struggled to pay the wages of the Diggers working
on the project. Trust president Howard Hitchcock sometimes used
his own money to keep work going.
Hitchcock pressured
Premier Lawson for some "consideration" for the increase
in land values construction of the road would bring. He proposed
the government give the trust some blocks of land to sell if it
were not prepared to provide financial assistance. A few years later,
the Government sold the trust a number of large blocks at a significant
discount. The value of that land skyrocketed as the road went though
and it was subdivided and sold to pay for the road construction.
This did not
fully cover the costs, so the road was a toll road. Eight months
after the road's first section was officially opened in March 1922,
the trust introduced tolls to meet construction costs. A toll-gate
and gate-keeper's cottage were built at Grassy Creek, near Big Hill,
and the money began to roll as the road's popularity increased.
A varied scale of charges applied, with two shillings and sixpence
(25 cents) for cars, two shillings (20 cents) for motorcycles with
sidecars, one shilling for motorcycles (10 cents) and one shilling
(10 cents) for passengers. In the first four weeks, 2500 people
travelled the road netting the trust 250 pounds in tolls ($500).
Tolls lasted for the next 14 years, until the trust handed the road
to the State Government
With its work complete, the Great Ocean Road Trust moved to hand
over the road as a gift to the State Government. At 4.45pm on Friday
October 2, 1936, the trust presented the deeds of the road to the
Premier, Mr Dunstan, at the toll gate near Cathedral Rock.
CityLink
and Scorsby are very similar to this with the initial money being
put up by private enterprise, and tolls being used to recover costs.
Both also have the roads being handed back to the Government after
a significant period. No comment ot the land sales bits !!!
(c)The site of a North Korean incursion to Australia - True
The alleged sophisticated drug-running operation has been described
as the largest detected in Victoria and one of the largest in Australia.
The Crown prosecution said the cargo ship Pong Su carried 150 kilograms
of heroin to Australia in 2003.
A man died while allegedly trying to bring the load to shore in
a rubber dinghy in treacherous weather, off Lorne in Victoria's
south-west, on April 16 2003.
The ship was seized off the NSW coast after a dramatic four-day
pursuit involving several naval vessels.
The ship's captain Man Sun Song, 65, its "political secretary"
Dong Song Choi, 61, first mate Man Jin Ri and chief engineer Ju
Chon Ri, both 51, pleaded not guilty to the charge that carries
a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.
The accused men's lawyers have said their clients were not aware
heroin was on board the ship and the Crown case was built on speculation
and a lack of evidence.
The North Korean
drug ship, the Pong Su, has been sunk in an Australian Defence Force
training exercise
"The vessel's
fate has been the subject of discussions between officials of all
relevant departments and agencies with preferred option for the
vessel to be sunk at sea.
(d) Hiding place of Convict William Buckley - True
Based on their
reports, Port Phillip's first settlement, a penal colony, was established
in October 1803 near present-day Sorrento. Convict William Buckley
escaped soon after. Buckley, branded the "Wild White Man",
wandered around Port Phillip Bay and down the south-west coast.
His condition was poor when local Aborigines met him at what is
now Mt Defiance, on the Great Ocean Road near Lorne. He spent the
next 32 years with them, traversing the future sites of Breamlea,
Torquay.
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